Objective: Medical pathology laboratories have a long-standing tradition while continuously evolving through the integration of traditional and modern diagnostic techniques. Today, rapidly evolving and transforming laboratories require renewal in organizational, infrastructure, and managerial approaches. The aim of this study is to conduct a document-based comparative analysis of physical infrastructure criteria related to pathology laboratories and to examine how convergent and divergent standards are reflected in critical planning decisions.

Material and Methods: A document-based comparative analytical design was applied using predefined infrastructure parameters. International guidelines, technical standards, and selected scientific publications, published between January 1, 2000, and April 30, 2025, addressing pathology laboratories or laboratory environments involving chemical and biological risks were included. Infrastructure-related criteria were systematically extracted, classified, and compared across predefined domains to identify areas of convergence, divergence, and indeterminate guidance.

Results: Core safety principles-including controlled airflow direction, negative pressure relationships, source-based vapor capture, and contamination-resistant surface materials-demonstrated strong cross-document alignment. In contrast, variability emerged in numeric thresholds and implementation models, particularly for air change rates, lighting parameters, and selected environmental comfort indicators. These variations directly affected planning flexibility, renovation sequencing, and risk-based infrastructure decisions.

Conclusion: Physical infrastructure planning in pathology laboratories requires contextual interpretation of international standards rather than direct transfer of prescriptive thresholds. A flexible, risk-informed planning approach is essential for sustainable and operationally resilient laboratory environments.